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This review aims to evaluate the production processes and lifecycle emissions of blue ammonia, highlighting its potential applications in decarbonization.

June 11, 2026Open Access

From Natural Gas to Clean Fuel: A Critical Review of Blue Ammonia Production, Lifecycle Emissions, and Energy System Applications

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Authors

HMHayder Mohammed MakkyiahUniversity of Baghdad MKMuna S. Kassim*University of Baghdad KSKhalid F. SultanUniversity of Technology - Iraq

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Implication

Critical review evaluates blue ammonia production, lifecycle emissions, and applications, suggesting its future as a low-carbon fuel.

Key Points

This review aims to evaluate the production processes and lifecycle emissions of blue ammonia, highlighting its potential applications in decarbonization.
Comprehensive review of peer-reviewed and grey literature from 2010 to 2024.
Analysis of lifecycle assessment results from 42 primary studies.
Examination of three major production pathways: SMR, ATR, and POX.
Blue ammonia emissions range from 0.48-1.83 kg CO2-eq/kg NH3 at CCS capture rates of 85-95%, significantly lower than grey ammonia.
Techno-economic analysis shows blue ammonia costs USD 320-620 per tonne, between grey ammonia (USD 200-350/t) and green ammonia (USD 580-1200/t).
Upstream methane leakage can negate emission savings by 30-60% if leakage rates exceed 2.5%.

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Makkyiah et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2a528480c8f91e7f39e8d8 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20608480

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From Natural Gas to Clean Fuel: A Critical Review of Blue Ammonia Production, Lifecycle Emissions, and Energy System Applications

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Cite This Study

From Natural Gas to Clean Fuel: A Critical Review of Blue Ammonia Production, Lifecycle Emissions, and Energy System Applications

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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