Seroprevalence of Hepatitis a Virus (Hav) Antibodies Among Patients Attending Selected Hospitals in Jimeta Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Background: Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route. In endemic regions, poor sanitation, overcrowding, and unsafe water contribute to sustained transmission. Limited seroepidemiological data exist in northeastern Nigeria, particularly in Jimeta metropolis. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of HAV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies among patients attending selected hospitals in Jimeta metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria, and to assess associated demographic and behavioral risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 patients attending two hospitals in Jimeta. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected using structured questionnaires. Blood samples were tested for HAV IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results: The overall HAV IgG seroprevalence was 68% (204/300), indicating widespread prior exposure. IgM positivity was 9.6% (29/300), suggestive of recent infection. Age, household crowding, and consumption of untreated water were significantly associated with IgM positivity (p < 0.05). Logistic regression identified household crowding (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.4–6.7) and untreated water consumption (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.3–6.0) as independent predictors of recent infection. Conclusion: HAV exposure is prevalent in Jimeta metropolis, with evidence of ongoing transmission. Targeted vaccination, improved sanitation, and public health education are recommended to reduce HAV infection and prevent outbreaks.