What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the barriers to justice access in India, especially for marginalized communities.

June 11, 2026Open Access

Human Rights and Access to Justice in India: Challenges and Opportunities

Key Points

The aim is to explore the barriers to justice access in India, especially for marginalized communities.
Analysis of structural and institutional challenges using quantitative data from national reports
Examination of judicial pendency and its impact on access to justice
Identification of opportunities in technological reforms and alternative dispute resolution
Significant gaps persist in access to justice, particularly for marginalized groups.
Emerging opportunities like technology and alternative dispute resolution could enhance the justice system.
Evidence-based policy recommendations are provided to bridge the gap between rights and reality.

Abstract

India, the world's largest democracy, enshrines a comprehensive framework of human rights in its Constitution. Yet, the practical realisation of these rights remains deeply uneven, particularly for marginalised communities. This article examines the structural and institutional challenges impeding access to justice in India, including judicial pendency, inadequate legal aid, undertrial detention, and digital exclusion. Drawing on quantitative data from the National Crime Records Bureau, NALSA, and NHRC reports, the study presents an empirical assessment of the justice gap. It further identifies emerging opportunities in technological reforms, alternative dispute resolution, and progressive judicial interpretation that could transform India's justice ecosystem. The article concludes with evidence-based policy recommendations for closing the gap between constitutional promise and lived reality.

Human Rights and Access to Justice in India: Challenges and Opportunities

Key Points

Abstract

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider