Analysing the impact of migration flows on regional per capita GDP in Türkiye: a spatial panel data approach

This paper investigates the effects of net international and internal migration on per capita GDP in Türkiye's 81 provinces.Unlike prior research, it analyses both migration types within the same spatial panel model and accounts for spatial dependence.The first model examines overall migration effects, the second focuses on the effects of migrants' educational levels.We find that net international immigration significantly boosts per capita, GDP, with highly educated migrants contributing more to growth.The robustness checks further highlight the complementary role of financial deepening in boosting regional economic performance.