Defining the Impacts of Antimicrobial Resistance Interventions Through a One Health Lens: Findings from the IMPACT AMR Workshop

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a cross-sectoral challenge affecting human, animal, and environmental health, yet the impacts of interventions aimed at addressing AMR are not consistently defined or systematically characterised. This limits the ability of decision-makers to assess trade-offs, anticipate unintended consequences, and prioritise effective responses. To address this gap, the IMPACT-AMR network convened a virtual workshop on 7 May 2025 to define and categorise AMR and AMR intervention impacts from a One Health perspective. Ninety-six participants, including researchers, practitioners, and policy advisors, contributed through facilitated discussions and interactive online tools, with additional feedback collected following the workshop. Inputs were categorised into themes, subthemes, and examples, and analysed using a mixed deductive–inductive approach before being synthesised into a structured summary of cross-sectoral AMR impacts, interventions, and sector-specific insights within a One Health perspective. The summary demonstrates that AMR intervention impacts are multidimensional, spanning health, economic, social, and ecological domains, as well as system-level effects, and often involve cross-sectoral interactions and trade-offs. It also highlights the wide range of stakeholders affected and the importance of considering equity, feasibility, and long-term sustainability when evaluating interventions. This report summarises the workshop findings and presents a structured taxonomy of AMR intervention impacts to support more comprehensive evaluation and evidence-informed decision-making across One Health systems.