Effect of La and Ti substitution on magnetic properties and dielectric constant of barium ferrite prepared by ball-milling

. The samples were obtained by ball milling and annealing the powder precursors, and the resulting powders were then pressed into ceramic pellets. The value of x was fixed at 0.1, whereas the values of y were 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05, respectively. X-ray diffraction shows that the hexagonal barium ferrite structure is preserved across the entire series, with diffraction features associated with Ti and La incorporation. The presence of titanium and lanthanum was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence, Ti-Kα and La-Kα peaks were observed in the samples modified with Ti and La ions. The saturation magnetization values obtained from the hysteresis loops remain above 60 emu/g, close to the reference value for samples with x= 0.1 and y = 0.00, 0.01, and 0.03, whereas a reduction of approximately 8% is observed for y = 0.05. In contrast, thermal measurements of the dielectric permittivity reveal a pronounced enhancement of the dielectric response, with an increase of at least 100% relative to the unmodified sample, together with the appearance of a paraelectric-like transition between 0 and 50 °C induced by Ti and La substitution.