Electrophoretic deposition barium titanate a-Platelet crystalline powder and its electrical conduction behavior

A ceramic sample of EPD BT-no platelet and EPD‐BT‐x‐wt1% a-Platelet (x = 2,3,4) was prepared using a modified three-step molten salt method. The combination of electrophoretic deposition technique and platelet-assisted structural modification provides an effective method to enhance grain orientation and improve electrical performance. X-ray diffraction studies at room temperature were conducted to analyze the preliminary structure. SEM images of the ceramic sample show the presence of cuboidal-shaped and large agglomerated grains. The electrical conduction characteristics of the sample were analyzed using temperature data and impedance frequency dependence, revealing a Negative Temperature Coefficient Resistance (NTCR) behavior, commonly seen in semiconductors. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of tetragonal phase crystalline ceramics. SEM micrographs displayed a continuous, closely packed granular morphology with well-defined grain boundaries, indicating uniform surface formation across all samples. The material exhibited good structural integrity with dense and largely defect-free surfaces. The high dielectric constant value was observed during the ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition at 130ºC for EPD BT-no platelet and EPD‐BT‐x‐wt1% a-Platelet (x = 2, 3, 4). The dielectric peaks were sharper for these samples, and the dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency from 1 kHz to 10 kHz, stabilizing at higher frequencies.