Key result
Psychospiritual interventions significantly lower SBP but not DBP in hypertensive adults.
Why the study?
Hypertension often remains inadequately controlled despite pharmacological therapy, and quantitative synthesis of psychospiritual interventions within holistic nursing remains limited.
Do psychospiritual interventions reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults with hypertension?
Meta-Analysis
Do psychospiritual interventions reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults with hypertension?
Standardized Mean Difference: -0.91 (95% CI -1.54–-0.29)
p-value: p=0.004
Psychospiritual interventions significantly reduce systolic blood pressure, but not diastolic blood pressure, in adults with hypertension, supporting their use as complementary non-pharmacological strategies.
Supports incorporating psychospiritual interventions into hypertension management; extends holistic nursing evidence for BP control.
Hypertension often remains inadequately controlled despite pharmacological therapy, indicating the influence of multidimensional factors on blood pressure regulation. Psychological and spiritual processes contribute to stress regulation and adaptive coping; however, quantitative synthesis of psychospiritual interventions within holistic nursing remains limited. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of psychospiritual interventions on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in adults with hypertension. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines using databases covering 2000–2025. Twelve studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, with six studies analyzed for SBP and five for DBP. Psychospiritual interventions were associated with a significant reduction in SBP (SMD = −0.91; 95% CI: −1.54 to −0.29; p = .004), but not DBP (SMD = −0.20; 95% CI: −0.77 to 0.36; p = . 48). Findings support psychospiritual interventions as complementary non-pharmacological strategies consistent with holistic nursing approaches to hypertension management.
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Mulyati et al. (2026) conducted a meta-analysis in Hypertension. Psychospiritual interventions was evaluated on Systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD -0.91, 95% CI -1.54 to -0.29, p=0.004). Psychospiritual interventions significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SMD -0.91; 95% CI -1.54 to -0.29; p=0.004) but not diastolic blood pressure in adults with hypertension.
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