Construct validity evidence of four brief acculturation scales with Brazilian migrants

Acculturation research requires a comprehensive assessment of cultural orientations, adaptation processes, and contextual influences that shape migrants' experiences. Despite extensive research, challenges persist in achieving theoretical consensus and in the robust operationalization of key constructs. The present study examined validity evidence for four acculturation measures using confirmatory factor analyses: the Brief Sociocultural Adaptation Scale (BSAS), the Brief Psychological Adaptation Scale (BPAS), the Brief Perceived Cultural Distance Scale (BPCDS), and the Brief Acculturation Orientation Scale (BAOS) developed by Demes and Geeraert (2014) . A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed with a sample comprised 411 Brazilian migrants residing in different countries (M age = 34.86 years, SD = 9.10). Participants were predominantly women ( n = 328; 79.8%), followed by men ( n = 80; 19.5%) and non-binary individuals (n = 3; 0.7%). Most participants were permanent migrants (87.1%), and the majority did not hold citizenship in the host country (75.7%). Results support the theoretical coherence and psychometric adequacy of the measures, although some refinements were required. Despite methodological limitations in sample composition and design that should be acknowledged, the study advances the assessment of acculturation processes and underscores the need for continued validation efforts with larger, more culturally diverse samples.