Self-esteem in patients post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a cross-sectional examination

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a widely used therapeutic modality for coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to characterize self-esteem levels and identify key factors influencing self-esteem among CHD patients following PCI. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among CHD patients undergoing PCI at our hospital between February 2024 and January 2025. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), a 10-item 4-point Likert scale with a total score range of 10–40 points (higher scores indicate greater self-worth). Clinical trial number: Not applicable. A total of 316 CHD patients were included. The study sample had a mean age of 62.3 ± 8.5 years, with 30.4% being female. The overall mean RSES score was 23.18 ± 3.05. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between self-esteem and age ( r = -0.610), educational level ( r = 0.602), per capita monthly household income ( r = 0.628), place of residence ( r = 0.534), duration of CHD diagnosis ( r = 0.614), and number of stents implanted ( r = -0.631). Multiple linear regression confirmed these as independent factors: age (β = -0.142, 95% CI: -0.215 to -0.069), educational level (β = 0.876, 95% CI: 0.321 to 1.431), per capita monthly household income (β = 0.563, 95% CI: 0.189 to 0.937), place of residence (β = 1.245, 95% CI: 0.152 to 2.338), duration of CHD diagnosis (β = 0.987, 95% CI: 0.526 to 1.448), and number of stents implanted (β = -0.320, 95% CI: -0.451 to -0.189). Variance inflation factor (VIF) values ranged from 1.32 to 2.45 (no significant multicollinearity). CHD patients post-PCI exhibit self-esteem levels within the lower range of general population norms, with several factors independently influencing these scores. These findings highlight the need for targeted psychological interventions tailored to vulnerable subgroups to enhance post-PCI psychological well-being and optimize recovery outcomes.