Effects of Complex Training Using Ascending Versus Descending Exercise Sequence on Physical Fitness Measures of Male University Athletes: A Randomized Parallel Group Trial

Abstract Saini, P, Halyi, N, Gogoi, H, Kharel, A, Baurah, J, and Thapa, RK. Effects of complex training using ascending versus descending exercise sequence on physical fitness measures of male university athletes: A randomized parallel group trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2026—This study compared the effects of 6 weeks of complex-ascending (CAT; ballistic exercises before resistance exercises) vs. complex-descending training (CDT; resistance exercises before ballistic exercises) on physical performance measures. Twenty-five male university athletes were randomly assigned to either the CAT ( n = 12) or the CDT group ( n = 13). Pre- and postintervention assessments included countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), rebound jump, isometric midthigh pull, isometric squat, 1 repetition maximum squat, linear sprint (10, 20, 30 m), change-of-direction speed, standing long jump, and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1. The main effect of time was observed for CMJ (i.e., jump height, absolute and relative peak power, reactive strength index, net impulse, unweighing duration, braking duration, propulsion duration, flight time, and take-off velocity), SJ (i.e., jump height, relative net peak force, absolute and relative peak power, net impulse, propulsion duration, flight time, take-off velocity), isometric midthigh pull and isometric squat net peak force, 1 repetition maximum squat, linear sprint times, change-of-direction speed, standing long jump, and Yo-Yo IRL1. Time × group interaction effect was observed only for 1 repetition maximum squat ( p = 0.017; ηp 2 = 0.252). However, analysis of covariance with preintervention scores as covariates showed no between-group differences for any outcome variable ( p = 0.058–0.981), except for CMJ absolute peak force ( p = 0.034; g = 0.61), which favored CDT. In conclusion, both CAT and CDT were equally effective in improving CMJ, SJ, maximal dynamic and isometric strength, horizontal muscle power, and intermittent endurance. Practitioners working with male university athletes may select either sequencing based on training goals and logistical considerations.