Metasurface‐Based Polarization‐Controlled Generation of 128‐Dimensional Vector Vortex Combs

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) combs have been developed to be a powerful tool towards high‐dimensional photonics, offering great potential in various application areas, such as optical communications. However, current research remains largely limited to the scalar domain where each OAM mode shares the same polarization. Moreover, achieving the generation and dynamic control of high‐dimensional OAM combs on a single compact platform is also a major challenge. In this paper, we report the generation and continuous control of a series of 128‐dimensional vector vortex combs using a polarization‐decoupling metasurface, where odd and even OAM modes are respectively encoded in horizontal and vertical polarization channels. It is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that by simply varying the incident polarization angle, both OAM spectrum and spatial polarization distribution can be continuously controlled. This work establishes a compact platform for generating and controlling a series of ultrahigh‐dimensional vector structured light. By integrating high dimensionality with vector properties, these beams hold great promise in photonics and quantum domains.