Engineering resilient ventilation systems for rapid-deployment medical isolation units

Infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, have emphasized the need for rapidly déployable isolation facilities that ensure infection control and protect healthcare workers. This study presents the design and performance evaluation of a modular negative pressure isolation room (MNPIR) for emergency use. A full-scale prototype was tested using SF6 tracer gas, and results were compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Airflow patterns, contaminant removal, and pressure differentials were analyzed at six sampling points. CFD results closely matched field data, with concentration deviations typically within ±10%. The ventilation system successfully maintained negative pressure and minimized cross-contamination risks. These findings validate the proposed system as a practical solution for mobile isolation and highlight its potential application in future public health emergencies involving airborne transmission.