Bimetallic Steels: A Structured Review of Fabrication Routes, Material Properties, and Component Performance

Bimetallic steel, as a layered composite material formed by metallurgically bonding two dissimilar metals, combines the excellent corrosion resistance of the cladding layer with the superior mechanical properties (such as high strength and toughness) of the base layer. It has been widely applied in demanding fields like marine engineering, the petrochemical industry, and energy equipment, where comprehensive material performance is critical. This paper provides a structured review of the research progress and application status of bimetallic steel. First, mainstream fabrication techniques, such as explosive welding and roll bonding, along with their effects on interfacial bonding quality, are analyzed. Subsequently, key material characteristics, including welding performance, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior, are discussed. Furthermore, the component-level bearing performance and failure mechanisms under various loading conditions are evaluated. Finally, by synthesizing existing research, current knowledge gaps in areas like long-term service life assessment, adaptability to extreme environments, and efficient intelligent manufacturing are identified, and future development trends are outlined. This review provides important academic reference and engineering guidance for deepening the understanding of bimetallic steels and promoting their safer, more reliable, and cost-effective application in major engineering projects.