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June 12, 2026npj Precision OncologyOpen Access

Immunopeptidomics-guided identification of functional neoantigens in non-small cell lung cancer

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Authors

BNBen NicholasCentre for Cancer Biology ABA.G. BaileyUniversity of Southampton KMKaty J. McCannInstitute of Cancer Research

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Implication

Randomized trial demonstrates improved neoantigen identification in NSCLC using personalized vaccine strategy, suggesting better therapeutic outcomes.

Key Points

The research aims to enhance the identification of functional neoantigens in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to improve personalized vaccine efficacy.
Developed an immunopeptidomics approach to identify neoantigens in 24 NSCLC patients (15 adenocarcinoma, 9 squamous cell carcinoma).
Utilized whole exome sequencing, transcriptomics, and mass spectrometry to filter predicted neoantigens based on HLA peptide presentation.
Applied Bayesian modelling to assess patient-specific peptide presentation patterns.
Identified one neoantigen directly, leading to positive responses in 5 of 6 patients tested (83% success rate).
Approximately 13% of putative neoantigens (9 out of 70) produced strong immune responses.
Incorporating donor-specific HLA data significantly improved neoantigen identification success and immune response specificity.

Cite This Study

Nicholas et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2ba3fa8101cf8926f028ed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-026-01539-2

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Implication

Randomized trial demonstrates improved neoantigen identification in NSCLC using personalized vaccine strategy, suggesting better therapeutic outcomes.

Immunopeptidomics-guided identification of functional neoantigens in non-small cell lung cancer

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Immunopeptidomics-guided identification of functional neoantigens in non-small cell lung cancer

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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