Enhancing concrete performance through biologically treated sewage sludge and wheat straw: A sustainable approach to waste management

This study investigates the feasibility of incorporating raw sewage sludge (RSS) and wheat straw‐treated sewage sludge (WTSS) as partial replacements for fine aggregates in concrete production. Experimental evaluations were conducted to assess the workability, mechanical properties, and durability performance of concrete mixes containing varying proportions of RSS and WTSS. Statistical analysis using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t ‐tests was employed to evaluate the significance of differences among mix compositions. The results indicate that the addition of RSS generally reduces workability, compressive strength, and durability, primarily due to the high water absorption capacity and irregular particle morphology of untreated sludge. Conversely, biological treatment of sludge with wheat straw significantly improved its physical characteristics, leading to enhanced mechanical strength and durability of concrete. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure tests confirmed the environmental safety of WTSS‐based concrete. Overall, the findings demonstrate that up to 10% WTSS can be effectively utilized as a fine aggregate substitute, offering an eco‐friendly alternative to conventional materials while contributing to the sustainable management of sewage sludge and agricultural residues.