A dataset of long-term of soil nutrient at Qianyanzhou Station (1998–2022)

This data paper presents a long-term positioning observation dataset of a typical rice ecosystem at Qianyanzhou, Jiangxi Province, China, spanning 1998 to 2022. The dataset systematically integrates soil nutrient measurements across different depths under three different tillage practices: conventional tillage, no-fertilization management, and straw incorporation. Soil profile samples from 0 to 100 cm depth were collected and subjected to laboratory analysis following the harvest of each cropping season. Core parameters include soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), hydrolyzable nitrogen (HN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and slowly available potassium (SAK). This dataset was compiled in accordance with the requirements for soil chemical indicators and specifications outlined in the Protocols for Soil Observation and Measurement in Terrestrial Ecosystems. During chemical analysis and testing, data accuracy was ensured through blank samples and triple parallel tests. Spanning 25 consecutive years, this dataset covers a critical period of China’s agricultural modernization and major climate change events. As a systematic, long-term and multi-layered dataset, it provides a robust foundation for understanding soil fertility dynamics in subtropical croplands, evaluating the long-term ecological effects of management practices, constructing regional soil-health assessment frameworks, calibrating agroecosystem carbon–nitrogen cycling models, and developing adaptive management strategies under global change.