A dataset of dynamic monitoring of extracellular enzyme activities in Lou soil crops under long-term fertilization across crop growth stages (2022–2023)

Monitoring the activities of enzymes involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) nutrient cycles in farmland soils can reveal patterns of nutrient transformation and fertility dynamics in farmland soil ecosystems, providing data support for research on farmland ecology and sustainable agriculture. The long-term stationary experiment is conducted in Yangling District, Shaanxi Province, which has a warm-temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate. The study soil is classified as Cumulic Haplustalf, derived from loess parent material. The experimental treatments included: CK (no fertilization), N (nitrogen only), NK (nitrogen + potassium), PK (phosphorus + potassium), NP (nitrogen + phosphorus), NPK (nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium), SNPK (straw + NPK), M1NPK (low-rate organic fertilizer + NPK), and M2NPK (high-rate organic fertilizer + NPK). This dataset provides measurements of soil extracellular enzyme activities related to soil C, N, and P cycles during the growth stages of wheat and maize in 2022 and 2023. Topsoil samples under different treatments were collected at the wheat flowering stage, wheat harvest stage, maize tasseling stage, and maize harvest stage in 2022 and 2023. The soil extracellular enzyme activities were determined, and a dataset table titled ″Soil Extracellular Enzymes″ was formed, containing a total of 216 data entries. Additionally, a complementary table titled “Soil Moisture Content, pH, and Nutrient Content at Key Growth Stages of Wheat and Maize” is provided to support comprehensive analysis of enzyme activities related to soil C, N, and P nutrient cycles. Sampling strictly followed randomized replication principles, and all measurements were conducted adhered to internationally recognized methods. Data were validated through outlier detection and replicate checks to ensure accuracy and reliability. This dataset is openly available for download and can support studies on nutrient cycling and soil fertility dynamics in farmland ecosystems.