Metabolic syndrome in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: one year and ten year outcomes

Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to assess the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in both short- and long-term follow-up. Methods The study included patients who underwent BS between 2010 and 2015 and were evaluated by an internal medicine specialist before the procedure, as well as at 1 year and 10 years after surgery. Laboratory tests and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed. The definition of metabolic syndrome proposed in 2022 was applied1. Results A total of 170 patients were included in the analysis (mean age 42.9 ± 10.0 years; 77.6% female). Sleeve gastrectomy was performed in 74.7% of patients, and gastric bypass in the remaining participants. At 1 (1–1) and 10 (9–10) years of follow-up, the mean total body weight loss was 29.8 ± 9.0% and 20.6 ± 12.1%, respectively. Data on laboratory and clinical outcomes are presented in the Table 1 The prevalence of antihypertensive treatment was 64.1% at baseline, 34.1% after 1 year (p 0.001), and 39.4% after 10 years (p 0.001). The use of glucose-lowering therapy was 25.9%, 12.3% (p = 0.001), and 22.3% (p = 0.438), respectively, while the prevalence of lipid-lowering therapy was 17.1%, 9.4% (p = 0.036), and 17.1%, respectively. At the 1-year follow-up, a significant reduction in the prevalence of all components of the metabolic syndrome was observed (Figure 1; for each component and for MetS as a whole, p 0.001). After 10 years, obesity (p 0.001), dyslipidaemia (p = 0.006), and hypertension (p = 0.017), as well as metabolic syndrome (p 0.001), still occurred significantly less frequently than at baseline; however, the prevalence of prediabetes/diabetes was no longer significantly different from baseline (p = 0.431). Conclusions In patients undergoing BS, remission of MetS was observed in both short- and long-term follow-up, with a more pronounced effect at 1 year.Table 1For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text. Figure 1For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text.