Young women with premature CAD had a significantly higher burden of cardiometabolic risk factors and more frequent acute heart failure compared to men (12.4% vs 6.29%, P=0.04).
Observational (n=218)
No
Are there gender differences in risk factors, clinical profile, and early outcomes among young patients with premature coronary artery disease?
Young women with premature CAD have a higher burden of traditional risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, and present more often with NSTEMI and acute heart failure compared to young men, who have higher smoking rates and more severe angiographic CAD.
Absolute Event Rate: 1.13% vs 1.65%
p-value: p=0.65
Abstract Introduction Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is increasingly prevalent among young patients. The prevalence of ACS among young women has also increased. It is well known that coronary artery disease (CAD) follows a different pattern in women and men. In order to provide timely and appropriate treatment, it is necessary to understand the gender differences in the risk factors, clinical profile, and early outcome in the young ACS patient population. Understanding and addressing the risk factors linked to the early onset of the disease is therefore essential to lowering the burden of premature CAD (PCAD). Objective This study aimed to analyse the gender differences in the presence of major coronary risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and immediate outcomes in patients with PCAD. Patients and Methods We evaluated 218 consecutive patients who were hospitalised in the ICCU of cardiology department with diagnosis of PCAD between November 2023 and May 2025, after satisfying the inclusion criteria. All included patients were 45 years of age or younger, were admitted for their first acute coronary syndrome and underwent primary PCI with optimal revascularization results. Results The study included 72 female and 146 male patients. The mean age of females was 42.5 ± 2.22 years and males was 39.6 ± 3.85 years (p0.001). Young women had significantly more risk burden of hypertension (70.2% vs 36.5% p0.001) diabetes (38.9% vs 28.7%, p0.001) and dyslipidaemia (61.4% vs. 38.4%, p0.001) compared to young men. Among young males, smoking was significantly higher (76.5% vs. 25.2%, p0.001). NSTEMI was more common presentation among females (22.5% vs 8.4%, p0.001) with more prevalent non obstructive CAD (13.1% vs. 8.2%, p=0.15). Young male patients showed angiographically more severe CAD and greater frequency of multivessel CAD (22.8% vs 17.9%, p=0.58). Young female patients had significantly better mean ejection fraction (EF) (48.1±7.9% vs 39.2±9.8%, p=0.13). Young women had more often acute heart failure (Kilip class ≥ 2) and longer length of stay in the intensive care unit (12.4% vs.6.29%, P=0.04; 5.5 vs 2.7 days, p 0.001 respectively). Mortality rate in the first 48 hours of admission was higher in man than in woman (1.65% vs.1.13%, p=0.65). Conclusion A distinct gender difference in the risk factor profile for PCAD supports an early, comprehensive, but gender-specific approach to prevention. Young patients with premature CAD may benefit from these findings in terms of risk factor modification and gender-based management approach.
Sabanovic-Bajramovic et al. (Mon,) conducted a observational in Premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) (n=218). Female gender vs. Male gender was evaluated on Mortality rate in the first 48 hours of admission (p=0.65). Young women with premature CAD had a significantly higher burden of cardiometabolic risk factors and more frequent acute heart failure compared to men (12.4% vs 6.29%, P=0.04).