Comparison of the effects of hospital-based and home-based resistance training on muscle strength and functional capacity in individuals with adult congenital heart disease

Background/Introduction In individuals with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), age-related declines in muscle strength and functional capacity occur in addition to the cardiovascular impairments resulting from congenital abnormalities. Resistance training is known to enhance muscle strength and improve functional capacity. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hospital-based and home-based resistance training on muscle strength and functional capacity in individuals with ACHD. Methods A randomized controlled trial design was used. Individuals with ACHD were assigned to hospital-based resistance training group, home-based resistance training group, or control group. A total of 37 individuals with ACHD, 13 in hospital-based resistance training group (22.00 ± 2.52 years), 11 in home-based resistance training group (25.09 ± 8.41 years), and 13 in control group (23.92 ± 5.36 years), were included in the study. Muscle strength was assessed using a digital dynamometer, and functional capacity was evaluated with the six minute walk test (6MWT). The hospital-based resistance training group performed 12 weeks of resistance exercises using weight station equipment and elastic bands under physiotherapist supervision, while the home-based resistance training group completed a 12-week resistance program at home with elastic bands, monitored via online sessions. The control group received only physical activity recommendations. Results No adverse events related to the cardiovascular system, falls, or musculoskeletal injuries were observed in any participant throughout the study. Changes in knee extension strength, shoulder abduction strength, shoulder flexion strength, and 6MWT distance were significantly greater in both the hospital-based and home-based resistance training groups compared to the control group (p<0.001), with no significant difference observed between the hospital-based and home-based resistance training groups (p>0.05). Conclusion(s) Both hospital-based and home-based resistance training were found to improve muscle strength and functional capacity. The study demonstrated that resistance training with minimal equipment, performed at home under remote supervision, is feasible, effective, and safe for individuals with ACHD.