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Cyber attackers attempt to disrupt microgrid operations by manipulating time synchronization and creating delays in transmitted packets. To overcome the non-availability of time stamped data due to the time delay attack, this article presents a fractional-order model for a delayed typical microgrid and proposes an adaptive finite-time terminal sliding mode tracking controller for fractional-order renewable microgrids. The proposed method exploits the benefits of finite time trajectory error, online adaptation, and fractional-order modeling. It ensures the finite-time convergence of tracking errors to the origin by utilizing a fractional-order switching surface and online adaptation of upper bounds of perturbations. Simulation results of load frequency control in a typical microgrid using the proposed method are presented and compared with those obtained by other methods. Test results and stability proof show that the proposed method can execute the load frequency control with high accuracy and a fast response.
Rouhani et al. (Tue,) studied this question.