The Accumulation of Microplastics in Agricultural Soils: Ecological Consequences and Innovative Bioremediation Strategies

Agricultural soils are increasingly emerging as a global "sink" for microplastic (MP) particles, originating from plastic mulching, sewage sludge, and atmospheric deposition. This study investigates the profound impacts of MP accumulation on soil physico-chemical properties, microbial communities, and crop productivity. The primary objective is to evaluate the extent of MP contamination and develop a scalable bioremediation framework. Utilizing a multi-year field experiment (2024–2026) and laboratory analysis, we demonstrate that MP presence reduces soil water-holding capacity by 15–22% and significantly alters microbial metabolic pathways. We propose an integrated "Bioremediation System" utilizing Eisenia fetida (earthworms) in combination with a specialized microbial consortium capable of degrading polyethylene and polypropylene particles. Our results indicate a potential reduction in MP concentration by up to 60% within two growing seasons. These findings provide a scientific basis for sustainable soil management practices in the face of escalating plastic pollution.