Clothing sustainability and clothing recycling in the Arab world: a PRISMA-based systematic review of research and practice trends

This study examines sustainability practices and research trends related to the reuse and recycling of used clothing in the Arab world. A dual analytical approach was adopted, combining (1) a contextual mapping of regional sustainability initiatives and policy practices and (2) a PRISMA-guided systematic review of academic literature. The contextual mapping provides an overview of operational models and institutional initiatives for clothing reuse and redistribution across Arab countries, while the systematic review synthesizes peer-reviewed research. A comprehensive database search was conducted across Dar Almandumah, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Following PRISMA screening, eligibility assessment, and methodological quality appraisal, 37 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The reviewed literature indicates that research on clothing sustainability in the Arab world is predominantly design-oriented and small-scale, with most studies focusing on garment upcycling, reuse of fabric remnants, and educational or training-based interventions. The findings show that while these practices contribute to waste reduction and cultural preservation, only a limited number of studies address industrial-scale recycling systems, the implementation of the circular economy, or advanced material recovery technologies. Similarly, few studies evaluate environmental performance through lifecycle assessment or examine consumer acceptance and policy integration. The contextual practice mapping further suggests that existing regional initiatives are largely centered on redistribution and charitable reuse models rather than material recycling infrastructures. Overall, the review highlights a gap between practice-oriented reuse activities and system-level circular textile strategies. The study identifies priority areas for future research, including technological innovation, policy development, and scalable recycling frameworks that support the transition toward circular clothing systems in the Arab world.