A bioinspired irreversibility analysis of ternary nanofluid stream in electroosmotic divergent conduit under radiative-convective effects

Hybrid nanofluids have emerged as highly effective working fluids in modern thermal engineering due to their exceptional heat transfer aspects. Their capability to enhance efficiency in heating and cooling systems has established them as preferred choice across the wide range of heat management applications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal and flow behavior of a magneto-radiative ternary nanofluid composed of copper, silver, and alumina nanogranules dissolved in blood as base fluid. The intended flow is inspected through a stretchy diverging surface in the presence of electroosmotic forces, momentum and thermal wall slip conditions. The governing equations formulated in wave frame are simplified under small inertia and long wavelength approximations. Numerical solutions of the resulting nonlinear equations are obtained via the shooting technique implemented in Mathematica software. The graphical results offer a comprehensive insight into the flow dynamics. Findings reveal that considerable magnetic effects and an expanded width of electric double layer tend to suppress the fluid motion while leading to an upsurge in temperature close to the channel core part. Additionally, integration of thermal radiation effects, boundary slip effects, and thickened electric double layer contributes to reduction in heat losses inside the channel. A drop in entropy generation and an increment in the Bejan number communicate better heat transfer proficiency and discriminating irreversibility within the flow. Furthermore, the ternary hybrid nanofluid returns the highest enhancement in heat transfer rate compared to conventional blood, thus making it a promising medium for microfluidic and biomedical applications.