The Use of Interviews in Realist Evaluation: Lessons Learned From the Evaluation of a Complex Intervention

Realist evaluation is a theory-driven approach used to explore how and why an intervention is effective. One method for collecting qualitative data is realist interviewing. While guidance exists on designing and conducting realist interviews, this guidance can be difficult to apply when several team members are involved. The aim of this study is to report on the collective experience of a research team applying the principles of realist interviewing to evaluate a complex intervention. Drawing on team-based reflections on the application of realist evaluation in the PriCARE research program, we highlight the methodological challenges encountered when preparing for realist interviews and propose lessons that may guide other research teams. This article outlines the importance of collaborative preparation and training of team members with diverse backgrounds, knowledge, and skills in designing and conducting realist interviews, as well as collective learning to promote rigorous and reliable studies.