Albumin Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Mechanistic Insights Into Bio‐Inspired Design and Clinical Translation

Limitations in the efficacy and safety of conventional oncologic regimens have driven a radical reappraisal of drug delivery paradigms, prompting the emergence of albumin-facilitated nanoscale delivery vehicles as a versatile solution to longstanding pharmacological challenges. These platforms, constructed from the abundant plasma protein, exhibit an intrinsic capacity for molecular self-assembly, robust drug encapsulation, and selective interaction with target cell populations through both passive and active targeting mechanisms. By incorporating stimuli-responsive coatings and programmable surface ligands, albumin-driven nanostructures are able to synchronize drug release with the physiological and molecular context of neoplastic tissue, thereby reducing systemic toxicity and bolstering therapeutic outcomes. This study reveals the latest advances in protein nanotechnology, including scalable fabrication protocols, real-time monitoring capabilities, and approaches to mitigate immunogenicity. The discussion further interrogates the translational landscape, addressing critical bottlenecks in clinical trial design, bioethical considerations, and the integration of patient genetic profiling for optimized treatment selection. Collectively, the evidence presented underscores the transformative potential of albumin-mediated platforms in achieving next-generation, patient-centered cancer care.