Decolorization of Acid Yellow 17 by Electro-oxidation Using Ti/Pt Electrodes: Optimization, Energy Consumption and Kinetic Evaluation

This study investigates the removal efficiency of Acid Yellow 17 (AY 17) dye and the associated energy consumption in a laboratory-scale electro-oxidation process using Ti/Pt anodes optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). The Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to determine the optimum operating conditions of current density (0.946–2.84 mA.cm −2 ), pH (3–9), initial dye concentration (50–200 mg L −1 ), and support electrolyte concentration (5–10 mM) to maximize removal efficiency while minimizing energy consumption. Second-order quadratic models were successfully developed, and analysis of variance confirmed the statistical significance and strong predictive capability of the models (R 2 0.9950 for removal efficiency and R 2 0.9998 for energy consumption). Under the optimum operating conditions (current density: 1.465 mA cm −2 , pH 3, supporting electrolyte concentration: 10 mM) at an initial dye concentration of 200 mg.L −1 , a removal efficiency of 80.12%, energy consumption of 0.266 kWh.m −3 , and overall desirability of 0.725 were achieved. Kinetic analysis indicated that AY17 degradation followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The findings demonstrate that Ti/Pt anodes provide efficient decolorization with relatively low energy consumption. This study contributes to the optimization and integrated evaluation of electro-oxidation performance for azo dye removal, highlighting its potential applicability as a pre-treatment or polishing step in sustainable wastewater treatment strategies.