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June 13, 2026European Journal of Preventive CardiologyOpen Access

From sea level to 3647 meters: exploring the high-altitude challenge of maximal exercise and physiological adaptation

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Authors

IMI MattavelliCentro Cardiologico MonzinoESE SalvioniCentro Cardiologico MonzinoCVC VignatiCentro Cardiologico Monzino

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Implication

Randomized trial evaluates cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to high altitude exercise, indicating significant performance reductions.

Key Points

  • This analysis aims to evaluate cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular adaptations to high altitude during maximal exercise.
  • 12 healthy subjects performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing at sea level and high altitude after acclimatization.
  • Blood samples were collected for haemoglobin, haematocrit, lactates, and BNP assessment before and after testing.
  • Simultaneous measurements of muscle extraction and cardiac output were included in a larger ongoing research project.
  • At high altitude, systolic blood pressure and ventilation increased, while SpO2, PetCO2, and PetO2 decreased (p<0.05).
  • Peak exercise performance decreased with lower workload, heart rate, and oxygen consumption (peakVO2), despite increased Hb levels.
  • Ventilatory efficiency (VE/VCO2 slope) improved, and lactate levels during exertion were reduced at high altitude.

Cite This Study

Mattavelli et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a2cf4dafaef96ed7f056f66https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwag249.148
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Exercise-Induced Autonomic and Cardio-Respiratory Stress at High Altitude in Leisure Athletes2026
  2. 2Effects of High-Altitude Environment on the Cardiovascular System of Man1971 · 25 citations
  3. 3Cardiovascular response to exercise in humans following acclimatization to extreme altitude1995 · 35 citations
  4. 4Global REACH 2018: increased adrenergic restraint of blood flow preserves coupling of oxygen delivery and demand during exercise at high‐altitude2022 · 13 citations
  5. 5Effectiveness of altitude training on performance in endurance athletes.2024