Grid‐Connected Solar PV–Hydrogen Systems in Wa, Ghana: Modelling, User Perspectives and PV Model Benchmarking

This study examines a grid‐connected solar photovoltaic–hydrogen (PV‐H 2 ) system for a 22‐bed clinic in Wa. The work combines technical simulation, economic analysis, model benchmarking and a short socio‐economic survey. Hourly load data and measured PV output from the Kaleo solar farm were used. The system was designed to meet a loss of power supply probability of 0.001. The optimal configuration included 163 PV pairs (326 modules, 121 kW), 10 anion exchange membrane electrolysers rated at 24 kW, 15 H 2 tanks providing 43 kg of storage, a 55.1 kW inverter and a 49.6 kW fuel cell. The simulations showed reliable supply with very little grid import and notable excess generation. The net present cost was USD 186,000 and the levelized cost of energy was 0.206 USD/kWh. Model benchmarking showed that the model does not reliably capture hourly variability and slightly underestimates output on average. A survey of 200 respondents showed low awareness but strong willingness to adopt H 2 systems if costs fall. The findings indicate that PV‐H 2 systems are technically and economically feasible with supportive policies such as net metering and feed‐in tariffs.