Delimitation of States or Retreat of Rights? The Practice of Border Externalization as an Action That Increases the Vulnerability of Migrant Populations

This paper seeks to discuss the practice of border externalization as a policy that transfers migration control beyond national geographic boundaries and has become a growing trend among countries that receive large flows of people, whether voluntary or forced. The analysis is based on the premise that this strategy does not, in itself, necessarily constitute a violation of human rights; however, in most cases, it ends up assuming a xenophobic stance, potentially placing migrants in situations of increased vulnerability. To this end, the main research method employed was documentary analysis, presenting the conceptualization of this practice and examining a practical example based on the actions taken by the United States during the first term of Donald Trump.