Habit-associated vascular overgrowth of the gingiva: A case report

Reactive vascular lesions of the oral cavity often mimic neoplasms due to their rapid growth, erythematous appearance, and tendency to bleed. Among these, gingival overgrowths are commonly associated with local irritants, systemic influences, and deleterious habits. This case describes a 55-year-old female with habit-associated gingival overgrowth linked to long-term areca nut and pan chewing. Clinically, multiple lobulated erythematous swellings with surface ulceration and bleeding were observed in the mandibular anterior region. Histopathology confirmed a pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma type). Management included thorough scaling, surgical excision, and reinforcement of habit cessation. Healing was uneventful, with normalization of gingival architecture and no recurrence at 2-month follow-up. This case highlights the contributory role of deleterious oral habits and poor oral hygiene in reactive vascular lesions, emphasizing the importance of eliminating etiologic factors alongside surgical therapy. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management are essential to prevent recurrence and maintain periodontal health.