The importance of nail fold capillaroscopy in detection of angiogenesis in exercise

Introduction Angiogenesis is the biological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. The nail fold capillaroscopy(NFC) is non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting microcirculation and capillaries in the nailfold. The main usage is in the Atherosclerosis, Diabetes retinopathy, malignancy, Raynaud's phenomena, Systemic sclerosis, Dermatomyositis, Arterial Hypertension, Pulmonary hypertension, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Diabetes mellitus and other rheumatic autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular disorders. The significant abnormalities have been observed in atherosclerosis, and coronary slow flow phenomena. Aerobic exercise is one of the strongest physiological stimuli for angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, the heart and even the brain. Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology and functional ability in exercises. Methods The open clinical prospective study was designed. The group were formed. Total of 32 healthy individuals who perform exercise (group 1) and 27 healthy individuals with a sedentary lifestyle (group 2) Results The NFC detected the capillary slow flow phenomena of the visible red cells and shortage of length, dilatation of the arterial, venous or apex capillary limbs and some tortuosity were observed and 18% of examined individuals without exercise. Increased capillary density and increased red blood cell flow was detected in exercise prone individuals. The rarefication in group 1 was average 8 per linear mm, whereas in group 2 was 11,5 per linear mm. Conclusion The NFC is useful procedure to investigate microcirculation. The importance of this procedure may be performed in a healthy individuals with cardiovascular increased risk factors. The slow flow phenomena is directly correlated with a sedentary lifestyle and stimulated angiogenesis was detected in a people who are physically active.