Demonstrates potent antibacterial effects of daurichromenic acid in citrus canker management, suggesting a viable green alternative to chemical pesticides.
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri ( Xcc ), is a devastating bacterial disease. Given the resistance and pollution from long-term chemical pesticides, plant-derived natural products offer green alternatives. Here, daurichromenic acid (DAA) from Rhododendron rupicola var. chryseum showed potent anti- Xcc activity with an MIC of 10 μg/mL, which is 1/16 that of copper sulfate. Physiological assays revealed that DAA rapidly damages cell membranes and causes content leakage. Further mechanistic investigations, integrating metabolomics, qRT-PCR, and molecular modeling, revealed that DAA exerts a multitarget synergistic mode of action. DAA compromises membrane integrity as the primary lethal effect while interfering with the ABC transporter pathway, leading to ATP depletion, energy metabolism disorders, and suppressed virulence (biofilm formation and motility). Serial passage confirmed a low resistance risk, outperforming copper-based agents. Detached leaf and earthworm toxicity tests validated its disease control efficacy and environmental safety. Thus, DAA is a promising green pesticide for sustainable citrus canker management.
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Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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