Ag-Based Schottky-Engineered MOF Sonosensitizers Delivered via Dissolvable Microneedles for Sonodynamic Biofilm Eradication and Wound Healing

Biofilms with dense, multibacterial communities formed at the infected wound represent a major pathological barrier to effective healing, which are also closely associated with persistent inflammation and therapeutic failure. Conventional strategies, including mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy, often result in incomplete biofilm removal and accelerated development of antimicrobial resistance. In this work, we propose a synergistic sonodynamic-microneedle (SDT-MN) platform for efficient biofilm eradication and promoted wound healing. A zirconium-based metal–organic framework sonosensitizer (Ag@Zr-BT), in situ decorated with silver nanoparticles, is engineered to enhance charge separation via Schottky junction formation, thereby amplifying the generation of highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound (US) activation. Ag@Zr-BT with optimal properties is integrated into dissolvable hyaluronic acid–based microneedle patches to facilitate direct drug delivery into biofilms. Under US irradiation, this SDT-MN system exhibits potent antibiofilm activity, efficiently destroying preformed Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) biofilms and inhibiting their regrowth. In an infected wound mouse model, SDT-MN-mediated delivery significantly enhances the sonosensitizer’s penetration into biofilms and infected tissues, yielding improved therapeutic efficacy. This work establishes an antibiotic-independent therapeutic paradigm that integrates engineered MOF sonosensitizers with a microneedle-assisted delivery system, offering a promising strategy for treating biofilm-associated wound infections.