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This research aims to derive the discrete gauge structure of the Standard Model from minimal inputs, exploring the limitations of the formulation.

June 13, 2026Open Access

The discrete skeleton of the Standard Model from a minimal subfactor: an economy result and the boundary where it stops

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Companion paper derives the Standard Model's discrete gauge structure from minimal subfactor inputs, suggesting a new framework.

This research aims to derive the discrete gauge structure of the Standard Model from minimal inputs, exploring the limitations of the formulation.
Utilized a minimality principle with an index-two subfactor.
Applied the Connes–Chamseddine noncommutative-geometry dictionary.
Incorporated empirical data on the chirality of weak interactions.
Derived the gauge algebra and fermion representations using three independent inputs.
Established a no-go theorem defining the boundary where the construction ceases.
Identified that continuous mixing parameters require a non-trivial modular flow absent in the minimal structure.

David Manton Sparks (2026) studied this question.

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