Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Hemocompatibility Evaluation of Magnetic Magnesium Ferrite (MgFe2O4) Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles have attracted significant attention due to their magneticresponsiveness and potential biomedical applications. In the present study, magnesium ferrite nanoparticles weresynthesized and systematically characterized to evaluate their structural, morphological, magnetic, andhemocompatibility properties. Structural confirmation was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), whichrevealed the formation of a single-phase spinel ferrite structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)confirmed the characteristic metal–oxygen vibrational bands corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral sites.Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis verified the elemental composition of magnesium, iron, andoxygen without detectable impurities. Morphological and size analysis using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated nanoscale particle dimensions with relativelyuniform distribution. Magnetic behaviour analysed by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) indicated softmagnetic characteristics suitable for biomedical applications. The hemocompatibility of the synthesizednanoparticles was evaluated using an in vitro hemolysis assay over a concentration range of 62–1000 μg/mL.The percentage hemolysis was calculated relative to positive (Triton X-100) and negative (normal saline)controls. The nanoparticles exhibited 0% hemolysis across all tested concentrations, remaining well below the5% threshold for non-hemolytic materials. These findings demonstrate excellent blood compatibility of thesynthesized MgFe2O4 nanoparticles.Overall, the combined magnetic properties and high hemocompatibilitysuggest that magnesium ferrite nanoparticles hold strong potential for future biomedical applications, includingtargeted drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia, and diagnostic imaging.