ZSO-GW System: An Integrated Assessment System for Evaluating the Impact of Deep Excavations on Adjacent Objects

Deep excavations carried out in urban and infrastructure environments may influence adjacent objects through ground movements, changes in foundation working conditions, structural deformations, visible damage and the need for technical monitoring. In engineering practice, information concerning objects located in the vicinity of excavations is often dispersed between design documentation, technical inventory, photographic records, numerical calculations, monitoring results and expert interpretation. This fragmentation may reduce the transparency of assessment and complicate communication between designers, contractors, supervisors, monitoring teams and infrastructure administrators.This paper presents the authorial concept of ZSO-GW, referred to in Polish as Zintegrowany System Oceny Oddziaływania Głębokich Wykopów na Obiekty Sąsiednie. The proposed system integrates four complementary methodological elements: MDO-GW, an object documentation module; MKPO-GW/WPO, a multi-criteria susceptibility assessment framework; WNO/STII, a settlement-trough irregularity interpretation tool; and MTK-GW, a sequential procedure for assigning adjacent objects to technical control modes T0–T4. ZSO-GW is not intended to replace geotechnical design, structural assessment, field monitoring or expert engineering judgement. Instead, it provides an organised framework for collecting, structuring, interpreting and transferring object-level data between successive stages of excavation-impact assessment.The proposed system may improve the repeatability of documentation, support rational monitoring planning, strengthen traceability of decisions and increase the efficiency of infrastructure and urban construction projects. By limiting unnecessary duplication of field activities, documentation work, transport, material interventions and organisational actions, the system may also indirectly support sustainable development and contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions associated with the construction process. The concept is operational and methodological in character and requires further testing on real project documentation and monitoring data.