ZSO-GW System: Integrated Object–Settlement-Trough Assessment System for Deep Excavation Impact on Adjacent Objects

This paper presents ZSO-GW 2.0, an integrated assessment system for evaluating the impact of deep excavations on adjacent objects. The system combines four complementary methodological layers: MDO-GW 2.0 for object documentation and predicted condition deterioration, WNO/STII 3.1 for settlement-trough morphology assessment, MKPO-GW/WPO-AON(t) for operational object susceptibility evaluation, and MTK-GW 2.0 for mechanism-matched control-mode qualification. The main development of ZSO-GW 2.0 is the transition from a general documentation-and-assessment framework to a coupled object–settlement trough interpretation system. The proposed approach links object location, effective footprint, settlement distribution, deformation mechanisms, susceptibility parameters and technical control modes into one coherent workflow. ZSO-GW 2.0 supports structured documentation, transparent interpretation, prioritisation of objects, monitoring planning and requalification during successive excavation stages. The system does not replace geotechnical design, structural verification, field monitoring or expert engineering judgement, but organises their results into a consistent object-level assessment framework. References 1 Kotlicki, W., Łukasik, S., Godlewski, T., Bogusz, W. (2020). Ochrona zabudowy w sąsiedztwie głębokich wykopów. Wytyczne. Warszawa: Instytut Techniki Budowlanej. 2 Wysokiński, L., Kotlicki, W. (2002). Ochrona zabudowy w sąsiedztwie głębokich wykopów. Instrukcja ITB nr 376/2002. Warszawa: Instytut Techniki Budowlanej. 3 PN-EN 1997-1:2008. Eurokod 7: Projektowanie geotechniczne. Część 1: Zasady ogólne. 4 PN-EN 1997-2:2009. Eurokod 7: Projektowanie geotechniczne. Część 2: Rozpoznanie i badanie podłoża gruntowego. 5 PN-EN 1990:2004. Eurokod: Podstawy projektowania konstrukcji. 6 ISO 13822:2010. Bases for design of structures - Assessment of existing structures. 7 Burland, J. B., Wroth, C. P. (1974). Settlement of buildings and associated damage. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Settlement of Structures, Cambridge. London: Pentech Press, pp. 611-654. 8 Boscardin, M. D., Cording, E. J. (1989). Building response to excavation-induced settlement. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 115(1), 1-21. 9 Clough, G. W., O'Rourke, T. D. (1990). Construction-induced movements of in situ walls. In: Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 25, pp. 439-470. 10 Peck, R. B. (1969). Deep excavations and tunnelling in soft ground. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Mexico City, State-of-the-Art Volume, pp. 225-290. 11 Moormann, C. (2004). Analysis of wall and ground movements due to deep excavations in soft soil based on a new worldwide database. Soils and Foundations, 44(1), 87-98. 12 Finno, R. J., Voss, F. T., Rossow, E., Blackburn, J. T. (2005). Evaluating damage potential in buildings affected by excavations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 131(10), 1199-1210. 13 Florczak, M. (2026). MDO-GW Method: Object Documentation Module for Structures Adjacent to Deep Excavations. Conceptual preprint / methodological proposal. 14 Florczak, M. (2026). MKPO-GW Method: A Multi-Criteria Classification Framework for Assessing Building Susceptibility to Deep Excavation Impact. Conceptual preprint / methodological proposal. 15 Florczak, M. (2026). MKPO-GW/WPO Indicators Addendum: Authorial Mathematical Extension of the MKPO-GW/WPO Framework. Conceptual preprint / methodological addendum. 16 Florczak, M. (2026). WNO/STII - Settlement Trough Irregularity Indicator as a Supporting Tool for the Assessment of Deep Excavation Impact. Conceptual preprint / methodological proposal. 13 17 Florczak, M. (2026). MTK-GW Method: A Sequential Control-Mode Qualification Procedure for Adjacent Structures in the Vicinity of Deep Excavations. Conceptual preprint / methodological proposal.