Randomized trial demonstrates improved rider safety through integrated accident and alcohol detection in a smart helmet system.
Two-wheeler accidents remain a major cause of fatalities globally, primarily due to alcohol consumption, helmet non-compliance, and delayed emergency response. This paper presents a smart helmet system that integrates helmet wearing verification, alcohol detection, accident detection, and real-time IoT-based emergency alert mechanisms into a unified embedded framework. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller, IR sensor, MQ135 alcohol sensor, ADXL335 accelerometer, vibration sensor, and GPS module. Vehicle ignition is permitted only when the helmet is properly worn and no alcohol is detected. Upon accident detection, real-time location-based alerts are transmitted via UDP to predefined emergency contacts through the IoT platform. The proposed system is cost-effective, scalable, and suitable for real-world deployment, offering a comprehensive approach to improving rider safety in urban and rural environments.
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Natarajan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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