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June 14, 2026Frontiers in ImmunologyOpen Access

Clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of pembrolizumab-induced hypophysitis: retrospective analysis based on case reports

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Retrospective analysis summarizes the management and long-term outcomes of pembrolizumab-induced hypophysitis, highlighting key clinical features.

This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis of pembrolizumab-induced hypophysitis.
Retrospective analysis of case reports and series from PubMed, EMBASE, and other databases
Data extraction using a standardized form for patient-level information
Quality assessment with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports
Included 22 patients with a median age of 66 years; predominant symptom fatigue (86.4%)
Hormone replacement therapy was given to 81.8% of patients, leading to improvement in 90.9%
Persistent endocrine dysfunction noted in 95.5%, with recovery of hypothalamic-pituitary axis in only one patient

Huang et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Retrospective analysis summarizes the management and long-term outcomes of pembrolizumab-induced hypophysitis, highlighting key clinical features.