Immunothrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients identified by multiomics profiling and linked to postacute complications

Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) disproportionately affect hospitalized patients and require improved molecular characterization to inform patient management. Here, we performed a prospective longitudinal multi-omics study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, analyzing whole blood transcriptomics, targeted urine metabolomics, kidney injury biomarkers, and electronic health record-based outcome stratification across acute illness, one-month, and three-month recovery time points. Interconnected immunothrombosis-related pathways dominated the acute phase, while most immune and metabolomic pathways partially normalize. However, patients who developed long COVID exhibited a distinct blood transcriptional signature at three months consistent with an endothelial-associated activation profile, including platelet reactivity, complement dysregulation, and low-grade vascular inflammation, distinguishing them from fully recovered individuals. This multi-omics approach identifies clinically measurable biomarkers associated with longitudinal molecular trajectories and supports post-acute risk stratification.