Endovascular embolization for systemic artery to pulmonary artery fistulas supplied by 4 distinct vessels: a case report

Systemic artery to pulmonary artery fistula (SAPAF) is a rare vascular anomaly that often presents with hemoptysis and can be classified as congenital or acquired. A 34-year-old female, presenting with recurrent hemoptysis, was diagnosed with multiple SAPAFs originating from four distinct arterial sources. Imaging using CT angiography and catheter angiography revealed complex systemic-to-pulmonary vascular connections, and the symptoms were successfully managed through transarterial embolization. Endovascular embolization successfully treated a rare case of SAPAF, and the patient was discharged in stable condition without complications.