A method for constructing an installation accuracy control system for ultra-high-speed maglev supports considering known-point precision

To meet the extreme measurement accuracy requirements of the Polymorphic Coupled Rail Transit Dynamic Model Test Platform under complex design conditions-namely ultra-high speeds of up to 1,500 km/h and ambient pressures ranging from 0.005 to 1.0 standard atmospheres-this study addresses the lack of a systematic accuracy control theory for installation measurements of ultra-high-speed maglev vacuum-tube supports. As the fundamental positioning elements of the vacuum maglev tube system, support installations directly govern track smoothness and tube airtightness. However, a comprehensive accuracy control framework for this domain has yet to be established, substantially constraining reliable engineering implementation. Here, a "reverse" accuracy allocation strategy is proposed, taking support design parameters as the starting point and integrating the law of error propagation, Least Squares Collocation theory, and computer-based virtual observation simulations. This approach establishes a complete accuracy transfer chain, linking support design accuracy to measurement-control point accuracy, station-setting accuracy, and ultimately to the precision of the offline control network. On this basis, a three-dimensional free-station adjustment model for total station that incorporates the prior accuracy of known points is developed, effectively mitigating the influence of control-point errors on station-setting precision. Through dense grid-based simulation experiments, the spatial distribution characteristics of station-setting accuracy are systematically revealed, providing a theoretical foundation for optimal station placement in field operations. Case studies validate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed methodology, demonstrating that it delivers a rigorously derived accuracy control framework for measurement scheme design under varying tube parameters, instrument precisions, and control network configurations. The accuracy derivation system established in this work offers a complete technical pathway-from theoretical formulation to engineering application-for support installation measurements in China's ultra-high-speed vacuum maglev transportation systems. It also provides an important reference for promoting the standardized and theory-driven application of precision measurement technologies in major engineering projects.