Caesalpinia bonducella is traditionally used for glycemic control. Evidence from in vitro and animal studies has expanded over the last decade but remains fragmented. This review aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of C. bonducella across preclinical experimental models and summarize impacts on glycemic indices, enzyme inhibition, and mechanistic markers. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (2010–2023; final search 15 December 2023). Eligibility followed predefined population, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) criteria (restricted to preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies). Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data using PRISMA 2020–aligned procedures. We included 32 studies. Extracts/fractions from seeds, leaves, and bark—often hydroalcoholic or ethyl acetate—reduced fasting blood glucose and improved oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in chemically induced diabetic models versus vehicle and, in several studies, showed effects comparable to standard antidiabetic agents such as metformin or glibenclamide. Consistent α-glucosidase/α-amylase inhibition and improvements in insulin resistance surrogates were observed. Mechanistic signals involved antioxidant/anti-inflammatory pathways and modulation of AMPK/GLUT4. Evidence certainty ranged from low to moderate due to small samples, heterogeneity, and reporting limitations. Caesalpinia bonducella shows plausible antidiabetic activity across preclinical models, supporting standardized phytochemical work and well-designed preclinical dose-finding studies to enable future clinical testing.
Febriza* et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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