Key result
Left-sided cardiac pacemakers show similar kinesiophobia levels compared to stable coronary artery disease.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to compare kinesiophobia, shoulder range of motion, functional disability, and handgrip strength between patients with cardiac pacemakers and those with stable coronary artery disease.
Does standard left-sided cardiac pacemaker implantation increase kinesiophobia, reduce upper limb function, or limit shoulder range of motion compared to stable coronary artery disease in adults aged ≥50 years?
Cross-Sectional (n=60)
No
Does standard left-sided cardiac pacemaker implantation increase kinesiophobia, reduce upper limb function, or limit shoulder range of motion compared to stable coronary artery disease in adults aged ≥50 years?
Kinesiophobia is similarly elevated in older patients with pacemakers and stable coronary artery disease, suggesting fear of movement is a generalized cardiac response, though pacemaker recipients may experience isolated limitations in shoulder internal rotation.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Kinesiophobia levels appear comparable in pacemaker versus CAD patients; leaves open whether selective internal rotation limits warrant targeted assessment in prospective studies.
BACKGROUND: To compare kinesiophobia, shoulder range of motion (ROM), functional disability, and handgrip strength (HGS) between patients with cardiac pacemakers and those with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 60 individuals aged ≥50 years with preserved left ventricular systolic function, including 30 patients with standard left-sided cardiac pacemakers and 30 individuals with CAD. Kinesiophobia was assessed using the validated Turkish version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-Heart (TSK-Heart). Shoulder ROM, HGS, and upper limb function [quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QuickDASH)] were evaluated using standardized clinical protocols. Analysis of covariance was used for between-group comparisons. RESULTS: The TSK-Heart scores were similar between the pacemaker and CAD groups, with no statistically significant difference (P = .061). Internal rotation of the left shoulder was significantly more limited in the pacemaker group (P = .031, Cohen's d = 0.58). No significant differences were observed in other shoulder ROM parameters, QuickDASH scores, or HGS between the groups. CONCLUSION: Kinesiophobia levels were similarly elevated in patients with pacemakers and those with CAD, suggesting that fear of movement is a generalized phenomenon across chronic cardiac populations rather than a device-specific issue. The selective internal rotation limitation observed exclusively in pacemaker recipients highlights the importance of targeted musculoskeletal assessment during clinical follow-up. Recognition of such functional impairments, alongside awareness of elevated kinesiophobia, is critical for comprehensive patient management.
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Ata et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiac pacemakers and stable coronary artery disease (n=60). Standard left-sided cardiac pacemaker vs. Stable coronary artery disease without pacemaker was evaluated on Kinesiophobia assessed by the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-Heart (TSK-Heart) (p=0.061). Standard left-sided cardiac pacemakers were associated with similar kinesiophobia levels compared to stable coronary artery disease, alongside a selective limitation in internal rotation.
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