Language dynamics in Sindhi families: applying positioning theory to understand heritage language use in Vellore

This research investigates the intergenerational language practices of multilingual Sindhi families living in Vellore, India. Utilising Positioning Theory (PT), the study analyzes how these families navigate language use, construct identities, and strive to preserve their heritage language (HL) within a multilingual context where Tamil and English are dominant. Based on qualitative data from ten Sindhi families spanning three generations, the study uncovers unique language patterns shaped by both reflexive and interactive positioning. The first generation reflexively views Sindhi as a vital cultural foundation, while adopting Tamil and English for practical socio-economic reasons. The second generation prioritises English as a means for upward mobility, positioning Sindhi as a tool mainly for maintaining familial ties. By the third generation, English is internalised as a core part of identity, with Sindhi limited to symbolic or cultural settings, and Tamil used chiefly in external interactions. PT offers a detailed lens through which these evolving dynamics can be understood, revealing how family relationships, emotional connections, educational goals, and societal influences impact HL retention. The fthe role of deliberate family language planning in preserving linguistic and cultural traditions across generations.