Does Gum Arabic Alter Gene Expression? Diabetic and Obesity as Models: A Mini Review

Gum Arabic (GA) is an edible dried sticky exudate from the stems and branches of Acacia seyal and Senegal that is rich in non‐viscous soluble fibre and has been used widely in the food and pharmaceutical field. It has been used as an oral hygiene substance by communities in North Africa and the Middle East. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, particularly the modulation of gene expression in metabolic disorders, remain underexplored. Therefore, the objective of this review was to review the potentiality of GA in gene expression for diabetic and obesity diseases and conditions as therapeutics. Different research articles have described that GA modified gene expression in Obesity, diabetes, inflammation, and fertility. Moreover, these GAs were capable of downregulating or upregulating different types of genes in other metabolic diseases such as infertility, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and type‐2 diabetes. Despite encouraging results, human translational data remain limited, and direct causal relationships among GA, chromatin remodelling, and metabolic gene networks necessitate additional clarification. This review emphasises the promise of GA as a functional food aimed at modulating gene expression to improve diabetic and obese phenotypes, while pinpointing essential knowledge gaps to inform future nutrigenomic research.