Urban Stressors Disrupt the Phenological Clock, Unravelling Urban Ecosystems and Services

Urban environments impose unique stressors, urban heat islands, artificial light at night, nitrogen deposition, and noise pollution, that disrupt the phenological rhythms of flora and fauna. Urban planning must shift from static greening to dynamic management of environmental cues. This Perspective synthesizes recent evidence, explores societal impacts, and proposes a temporally-aware framework integrating monitoring, smart design, and cross-sector governance to restore urban ecological synchrony.