What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to determine whether clinical or immunological inflammation better predicts HIV acquisition risk in women.

Comparing clinical and cytokine profiling of genital inflammation as predictors of HIV acquisition in women

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Randomized trial compares clinical and immunological factors predicting HIV acquisition in women, indicating inflammation's role in risk assessment.

The study aims to determine whether clinical or immunological inflammation better predicts HIV acquisition risk in women.
Analyzed data from 889 HIV-uninfected women in the CAPRISA 004 trial over 34 months.
Evaluated 48 cytokines in cervicovaginal lavage samples and assessed clinical genital abnormalities.
Used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to compare HIV incidence related to inflammation categories.
18% of women showed immunological inflammation (≥9 elevated cytokines).
Clinical signs like abnormal genital discharge (aHR: 2.67, p=0.024) and cervicitis (aHR: 10.34, p=0.001) increased HIV acquisition risk.
Combined clinical and immunological inflammation reflected the highest risk with adjusted hazard ratios of 2.08 (p=0.022) and 2.46 (p=0.013), respectively.

Osman et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Randomized trial compares clinical and immunological factors predicting HIV acquisition in women, indicating inflammation's role in risk assessment.